The number of axles is one of the key factors affecting how a heavy hauler performs and how quickly its tires wear out. As the machine moves, weight is distributed across all contact points with the road, and the axle configuration determines how intensely each tire is loaded. Understanding how the number of axles affects tire wear helps operators optimize vehicle use and reduce maintenance costs.
The principle is straightforward: the more axles a heavy hauler has, the more evenly the load is distributed. This explains why operators often notice that more axles mean less tire wear. Additional support points decrease pressure on each tire, reduce heat generation, and minimize deformation.
This is especially important during heavy-duty hauling, where even a small change in load distribution significantly influences tire longevity.
Tire wear in three-axle and five-axle heavy haulers differs dramatically. In a three-axle configuration, each tire carries more weight, particularly on uneven terrain or during frequent maneuvering.
A five-axle setup spreads the load much more smoothly, reducing lateral forces, lowering deformation risks, and increasing the overall lifespan of the tires—even during intensive operation.
The optimal number of axles depends on the application:
Adding just one axle reduces the load on each individual tire by approximately 10–20%. This improves heat dissipation, decreases friction intensity, and lowers the risk of structural damage.
On long routes and with shifting cargo weight, the difference becomes especially noticeable — a stable axle configuration significantly reduces wear.
Beyond the number of axles, the type of axles also matters. Lift axles, steering axles, and distribution axles behave differently. A well-designed combination reduces side loads, redistributes pressure, and lowers tire stress.
Proper tire pressure, suspension condition, and correct load placement are equally important.
The type of body installed on a semi-trailer also affects how the machine behaves and how tires wear under different axle configurations. For example, dump bodies often create sudden weight shifts during unloading. This topic is covered in more detail in How a tipper body affects the service life of a semi-trailer.
If the design causes the center of gravity to shift, tire load increases during acceleration, braking, and turning.
Even the best axle configuration will not help if the cargo is positioned incorrectly. Uneven load distribution increases pressure on individual tires and accelerates wear. A detailed explanation is provided in Why proper load distribution matters in heavy haulers.
Correct load balancing enhances the benefits of additional axles and extends tire life.
Selecting the correct axle configuration significantly reduces operating costs and increases tire longevity. At ARTAN you can order heavy haulers and semi-trailers with various axle setups, and our specialists will help you choose the best option for your operating conditions.
